Introduction to generators, turbines, motors and transformers and their function in the electrical power (generators, turbines, motors, transformers and electrical systems).

 General information about his works) Mester Twin Motor and Transformer to be the cornerstone of power generation transmission or distribution system.    

1) Generator      

An electrical machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power. In particular, it is connected to the power generation center and the A.C. (A.C.) Machine This device is also called alternator. Its capacity is KVA. (KVA).

2) turbine     

Power generation is an important device connected to the house that converts the kinetic energy obtained from water, steam, etc. into mechanical energy. The turbine is coupled to the rotor of the generator which generates electricity from the generator when the rotor is rotated. There are two main types of turbines:

1. Impulse turbine

It is mainly used in high head / low discharge production houses. This includes Pelton turbine.

2. Reaction turbine:

It is mainly a product of Medium & Low Head and High / Medium Discharge Is used. This type of turbine is mostly used in Nepal. There are two main types:

A. Francis Turbine

B. Kaplan Turbine

A. Francis Turbine: It is mainly used in medium head and high discharge production houses. This type of turban is used in most of the hydropower plants in the country

B. Kaplan Turbine: It is mainly used in low head and high discharge production houses. 

3. Motor:

An electrical machine that converts electrical power into mechanical power. It is an electricity consuming machine which is used in industry for industrial production as well as in electrical appliances used for household purposes such as: fan, fridge, grinder, computer, water pump motor etc. This reduces the power factor of the power line and reduces its capacity to HP. (H.P.).

4. Transformer:

A static electrical device that transfers voltage and power from one circuit to another by changing current (increasing or decreasing, respectively). It is mainly used in AC lines only. Or MVA.It is used in electrical systems from production house to load center.Its main function is to keep the power almost constant and reduce the voltage current and transfer the input power to the output as the current flows when the voltage decreases.

#)Prerequisitcs for starting of Generators in  power station.

(To be completed before operating generator in hydro power house)

 The following are the infrastructures to be completed before operating a generator in a hydroelectric power plant:

1. It is necessary to inspect and check the main and auxiliary equipment connected to the hydropower plant

. 2. Pay special attention to the Protection System

3)Penstock should be filled with water up to the main valve.                                         4. Synchronous speed to the generator from any auxiliary motor Field excitation should be given after rotating till and after that Just open the Penstock valve to release the water to turn the turbine and separate the auxiliary motor. 

                                                                                    5. Only by checking the terminal voltage and frequency of the generator Should be connected to the supply line.                              

 6. The loaded off or output terminal must be kept open when the generator is turned on.

#Necessity of cooling in power stations.

Heat is generated in any stationary or rotating electric machine which degrades the insulation and reduces the life of the machine. If the machine does not have proper cooling, it is not working as per its capacity and it is more likely to burn.

Loss of power in the machine and friction in the rotating machine generate more heat which requires a cooling system to control. Due to the cooling system, the machines connected to the power house such as generators, turbines, transformers, breakers, cables, etc. work according to their capacity without any problem for a long time and the heat generated in the production house makes it difficult for the employees to inspect and operate. Makes an important contribution.

#)Necesity of DC system in power stations and sub-station

D.C. at power houses and sub stations. System requirement Following for the following reasons:

1. In case of sudden failure of main power supply in power house and sub-station, in case of system supply failure, for emergency lighting, i.e. DC connected in the above places. To light a lamp)

2. Protective devices & systems connected to power houses and sub-stations Since it only works on supply.

3. Field Excitation of the generator connected to the power house requires

 4 communication systems such as: PLCC, Trunk line, etc. DC system.